The Savings Game: Navigating estate and inheritance taxes
Federal estate taxes apply equally to all no matter where in the United States they live. State estate taxes and inheritance taxes vary significantly among states.
Estate taxes are paid by the estate based on its size at the time of the estate owner’s death. Both federal and state estate taxes have exemptions. Taxes, if any, are based on the size of the estate above the exemption amounts. There is no state estate tax or inheritance tax if assets are inherited by a surviving spouse who is a U.S. citizen.
Inheritance taxes are paid by individuals rather than the estate. Inheritance taxes, too, have exemptions, and taxes are owed only on amounts that exceed the exemption. Inheritance taxes are based on the relationship between the deceased individual and the individual who inherited funds. Each state establishes its own regulations in this regard. Unmarried parties generally pay the highest inheritance taxes.
Federal estate taxes range from 18% to 40% for estates above $12.92 million. Seventeen states and the District of Columbia have either estate or inheritance taxes. Maryland is the only state that has both estate and inheritance taxes.